Temporal issues in e-learning research: A literature review

Time is a critical factor in learning, but time is also a very complicated factor that has many facets. Time can be as follows: time needed to prepare a course or lesson (ie, for the instructor to gather materials and design/develop a course or lesson), time needed to follow a course or lesson (ie, the planned, nominal study time that the institution allots for the learner in minutes and/or hours per day or the number of weeks per semester/year that the course encompasses), lifetime of a course (ie, how long a course can be used before it needs to be revised and/or is out of date), time that a student needs for study (ie, both in and out of class), time that an instructor needs and/or uses to teach a course (ie, the number of hours per day both during and beyond the “school” day for preparation, correction, feedback and marking of products and exams), “transaction” time costs (eg, the amount of travel time needed to attend a course or to log into an online course) and even time that a learner can make effective use of the knowledge gained (ie, half-life of the information in a course). Time can also be seen as an effectiveness factor (ie, the amount learned in a specific time period; learning more in the same time period is more effective learning) and/or efficiency factor (ie, the amount of time needed to learn something; learning the same amount in less time is more efficient learning). Time can, finally, be seen as a solitary factor or as part of a temporal pattern inwhich other factors play a role such aswork time, family time, down time, etc

Partnerships for knowledge building : an emerging model / Partenariats pour la coélaboration de connaissances : un modèle en émergence

Knowledge Building is approached in this study from an organizational perspective, with a focus on the nature of school-university-government partnerships to support research-based educational innovation. The paper starts with an overview of what is known about effective partnerships and elaborates a conceptual framework for Knowledge Building partnerships based on a review of literature and two case studies of school-university-government partnerships. In one case, a Ministry of Education wanted to bring more vitality into schools of small remote villages, and in the other case another Ministry of Education wanted to renew its school-based international cooperation profile. Emerging from this work is a three-component model for going to scale with Knowledge Building partnerships: Knowledge Building as a shared vision; symmetric knowledge advancement; and multi-level, research-based innovation. Characteristics of, and conditions for, effective partnerships for Knowledge Building are elaborated, and an emerging model is developed to help communities establish effective partnerships and contribute to this evolving model. La coélaboration de connaissances est étudiée dans une perspective organisationnelle en mettant l'accent sur la nature des partenariats entre l'école, l'université et le Partnerships for Knowledge Building: An Emerging Model 2 gouvernement afin de soutenir l'innovation en éducation. L’article présente un aperçu de ce qui est connu des partenariats qui fonctionnent et il élabore un cadre conceptuel portant sur les partenariats en coélaboration de connaissances basé sur une analyse documentaire et deux cas de partenariats. Dans le premier cas, le ministère de l’Éducation voulait dynamiser des écoles de petits villages éloignés, et dans le deuxième cas, un autre ministère de l’Éducation souhaitait renouveler le profil coopératif international d’une école. Ce qui ressort de cette étude est un modèle en trois parties : la coélaboration de connaissances en tant que vision partagée, l’avancement symétrique des connaissances et l’innovation à niveaux multiples fondée sur la recherche. Les caractéristiques et les conditions pour des partenariats efficaces sont donc développées, et un nouveau modèle émergent est proposé pour aider les communautés à établir des partenariats gagnants et à contribuer à ce modèle en évolution

Partnerships for Knowledge Building: An Emerging Model

Knowledge Building is approached in this study from an organizational perspective, with a focus on the nature of school-university-government partnerships to support research-based educational innovation. The paper starts with an overview of what is known about effective partnerships and elaborates a conceptual framework for Knowledge Building partnerships based on a review of literature and two case studies of school-university-government partnerships. In one case, a Ministry of Education wanted to bring more vitality into schools of small remote villages, and in the other case another Ministry of Education wanted to renew its school-based international cooperation profile. Emerging from this work is a three-component model for going to scale with Knowledge Building partnerships: Knowledge Building as a shared vision; symmetric knowledge advancement; and multi-level, research-based innovation. Characteristics of, and conditions for, effective partnerships for Knowledge Building are elaborated, and an emerging model is developed to help communities establish effective partnerships and contribute to this evolving model

Editorial Board Translation

of Practice: social work case studies for eLearnin